The diverse and spectacular Hibisceae tribe comprises over 750 species. No studies, however, have broadly sampled across the dozens of genera in the tribe, leading to uncertainty in the relationships among genera. The non-monophyly of the genus Hibiscus is infamous and challenging, whereas the monophyly of most other genera in the tribe has yet to be assessed, including the large genus Pavonia. Here we significantly increase taxon sampling and assess monophyly of most currently recognized genera in the tribe. We also include many newly sampled species and sections of Hibiscus and Pavonia. Our phylogenetic trees demonstrate that Hibiscus, as traditionally defined, encompasses at least 20 additional genera. The status of Pavonia emerges as comparable in complexity to Hibiscus. We offer clarity in the phylogenetic placement of several taxa of uncertain affinity (e.g., Helicteropsis, Hibiscadelphus, Jumelleanthus, and Wercklea). This phylogenetic study paves the way for a new classification for the tribe.