Poster

         Reproductive Processes

Cloudy with a chance of floral responses: rainfall induced anther closure and color change in Ripariosida hermaphrodita (Malvaceae)

Presenting Author
Emily Humphreys
Description
Abiotic environments are constantly changing and plants must respond to these shifts when needed. Anther closure after rain is one such response to environmental factors. Seen in at least 17 families, it may protect pollen from washing away, contributing to male fitness. Floral color change is likewise responsive and widespread, occurring in more than 75 plant families. Color change is most often catalyzed by pollination or floral aging and can serve as a negative signal to pollinators, guiding them towards younger flowers with more resources. While observing Ripariosida hermaphrodita (Malvaceae), a globally vulnerable species from eastern North America, we witnessed the androecium in flowers transform in response to rain. Open, bright purple anthers became closed, dull beige anthers after a rainfall event. We observed 364 flowers on seven R. hermaphrodita individuals across 8 weeks of their flowering season, then confirmed our field findings with a simulated rainfall exposure experiment and time-lapse photography. Our report represents the first observation in Malvaceae of anthers closing after rainfall and, to our knowledge, the first ever report of floral color change in response to rain.