Phylogenomic and Phylotranscriptomic Analyses of Whole Genome Duplications in Large Angiosperm Groups and Families with Implication on Functional Evolution. Taikui Zhang1, Jing Guo2, Weichen Huang1, Jie Huang2, Yiyong Zhao2, Chien-Hsun Huang2, Ji Qi2, Hong Ma1 1Department of Biology, the Eberly College of Science, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA 2Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China Abstract  Whole genome duplications (WGDs) have been reported in early angiosperm history and for many groups and are considered as an evolutionary force for angiosperm diversification, in partly due to the raw genetic materials for evolutionary innovation from WGD-derived gene duplicates. WGDs can be identified by strong evidence in genome sequences and are supported by clusters of large number of gene duplications (GDs) of nuclear genes at specific nodes in the angiosperm phylogeny from phylogenomic/phylotranscriptomic analyses. Specifically, a recently developed tool Tree2GD provides an efficient mean for detecting WGD. We have performed phylogenomic/phylotranscriptomic analyses for large angiosperm groups, such as the Asterids, and large families, including Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae. These analyses have yielded strong evidence for WGDs, including phylogenetic placements of WGDs supported by genome sequences. These results and likely roles of WGD-derived duplicates on functional and morphological evolution will be presented and discussed.