The pantropical family Melastomataceae is most diverse in the Neotropics with ca. 3500 species occurring there. Although the continental distributions of the family demonstrate the highest species richness, the Greater Antilles are also a major diversity hotspot, especially for the genus Miconia. There are close to 385 species of Miconia in the Antilles, with around 345 of those endemic to the region. Curiously, putative sister taxa within Miconia in the Antilles tend to show allopatric distributions and therefore may likely follow a speciation pattern of isolation-by-distance through long-distance dispersal among adjacent or non-adjacent mountain ranges. We wanted to test this hypothesis using robust phylogenetic topologies based on phylogenomic data and through mapping sister species pair populations across the islands of the Greater Antilles, but with a focus on Hispaniola. We indeed find evidence for speciation through long-distance dispersal within islands, but we likewise see evidence for stepping-stone speciation among mountain chains involving several species within clades, as well as putative niche specialization for species pairs within the same mountain range. Thus, montane speciation in Melastomataceae of the Greater Antilles is a complex pattern of within and among mountain range processes, which has led to the current species richness in this insular system. We will compare patterns seen in Melastomataceae with other montane Antillean groups.