Oral Paper

         Conservation Biology

Developments in the race to conserve critically endangered Florida ziziphus (Pseudoziziphus celata; Rhamnaceae)

Presenting Author
Sterling Herron
Description
Florida ziziphus (Pseudoziziphus celata (Judd & D.W.Hall) Hauenschild) is a federally listed endangered, clonal shrub endemic to the Lake Wales Ridge of central Florida, restricted to just 12 extant wild populations, many of which are at critically low numbers. Since its rediscovery in 1987, myriad challenges to its recovery have been identified including low genetic diversity, self-incompatibility, low seedling recruitment, and diminishing habitat. Efforts to save Florida ziziphus from extinction have focused on 1) finding and monitoring new wild populations, 2) propagating seeds and stem tissue, 3) characterizing genotypic diversity in these populations and propagules, and 4) using propagules to establish genetically guided augmentations and introductions with the goal to preserve and produce self-sustaining, stable populations of Florida ziziphus on protected lands. Florida ziziphus has been propagated successfully using tissue culture and seed germination, a critical resource for new translocations. To date, 41 extant, wild genotypes of Florida ziziphus have been discovered, in addition to numerous offspring that are crosses between the wild genotypes, most of which were produced through natural crossing in an ex situ population. From 28 years of demographic data, overall trends show slight to substantial declines in survival, with only three wild populations producing fruit. There have been 11 experimental introductions to seven protected properties and six genetic augmentations to two protected, uni-clonal populations of Florida ziziphus since 1998. Translocated populations have had relatively high survival rates, but relative growth rate has been quite slow and reproductive events rare, with an extended period before reproductive maturation. The most recent full census captured data on a total of 1,871 distinct ramets (1,454 living), including 672 wild ramets (537 living), 933 introduced / augmented ramets (691 living), and 266 ramets in the ex situ collection at Bok Tower Gardens (226 living). The new Plant Conservation National Collection site at a natural sandhill restoration at Bok Tower Gardens offers an additional ex situ repository for Florida ziziphus genetic diversity. Overall, the effort to conserve Florida ziziphus is a long-term endeavor, but we are optimistic for its ultimate recovery.