Poster

         

The long and the short of it: exploring the functional role of spore and pollen ornamentation

Presenting Author
Marco D'Ario
Description
Wind dispersal of spores and pollen grains is crucial for many living plants and is likely to have been a dominant mode of reproduction for much of land plant history. Many spore and pollen grains display conspicuous ornaments, including various types of spines, ridges, flanges, and bladders, that may aid in wind dispersal by increasing drag and thus increasing potential dispersal distance. But determining the aerodynamic effects of spore or pollen ornamentation is difficult, because such small particles are inherently hard to work with and additional factors such as grain shape and density will also affect aerodynamic properties. Here we use cutting-edge computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to analyze drag for pollen grains that have spines and ridges. We focus on intermediate fluid flow regimes, at the transition between laminar and turbulence, a change likely experienced by those particles due to their size. Preliminary results suggest that ornaments do increase drag coefficients in proportion to propagule size; spores or pollen grains above 100 microns in particular may see substantial increases in drag relative to comparable spheres. We contextualize these results with a quantitative morphospace spanning from the late Silurian through the Middle Devonian, when spore size and ornament size increase dramatically. Both simulations and morphospace analysis suggest that the effects of ornaments on smaller particles may be less important, consistent with the well-known lack of ornaments on most wind-pollinated extant angiosperm pollen.