The forests of northeastern Minnesota are home to many native species of Vaccinium, all of which are wild and produce edible fruit. Flower and fruit production of many species of Vaccinium are influenced by factors such as canopy cover (open, partially open, or closed), the clonality level of the population (as some of these species are partially clonal), and climatic conditions. Traditionally, tribes have used fire to promote fruit production, and current land management techniques involve controlled burns as part of the timber harvest regime to promote vegetative recovery. While the relationship between active land management and an increase in berry production is well documented in the literature, the underlying mechanisms that lead to this increase are unknown. In areas that have been recently managed, or where there is an open canopy, sexual reproductive effort (i.e., flowers) has been shown to be higher than in unmanaged/closed canopy populations. However, very little is known about how sexual reproductive success (e.g., the % fruit set) is affected by land management. In addition, the degree of clonality of a population is expected to influence sexual reproductive success, with highly clonal populations showing reduced reproductive success stemming from the impacts of geitonogamous inbreeding. In this study, we used standardized measures of sexual reproductive effort and success in multiple populations of Vaccinium cespitosum (the dwarf bilberry) with contrasting land management histories to investigate the relationship between these two variables, land management, and clonality. Clonality was assessed from genotyping-by-sequence data from 12 populations of V. cespitosum and compared to measures of reproductive success. Sexual reproductive effort was measured as the number of flowering ramets and the number of flowers per ramet in selected plots. We found that reproductive effort differed significantly between populations, but not between different land management types, which is in contrast with previous findings based in the literature. We measured sexual reproductive success based on the percent fruit set for each population and the number of viable or inviable seeds per berry. We found that both of these measures of sexual reproductive success differed significantly between populations with contrasting land management histories. Our findings suggest that land management impacts sexual reproductive success, but that it may not play as important a role in sexual reproductive effort as previously thought.