Seed conservation or seed banking of orchids is challenging because orchids have (1) minute seeds (dust seeds) that require specialized equipment and expertise to investigate, (2) complex reproductive biology that depend on specific pollinators, a non-typical seed germination process and association with mycorrhizal fungi for survival and growth, (3) species-specific seed storage behaviour, and (4) slow germination requiring long time and efficient tests for measuring the effectiveness of seed banking. Since seed banking has been established as an important tool for protecting orchids, a comprehensive, well-developed, and accessible orchid seed conservation guide that practitioners can follow prior to-, during- and post-seed conservation is much needed. Currently, standards followed by many seed banks for processing seeds are mostly based on theories and practical experience derived from studies and efforts on crops, which may not be applicable to other highly specialized, native and wild plant species such as orchids that urgently need efficient conservation planning. Here, with the aim of supporting orchid conservation, a comprehensive methodological guide with step-by-step protocols, identifying the challenges and potential solutions in each step, was developed by searching literature on established protocols used in different stages of orchid seed conservation, communication with experts in the field, and hands-on research experience in orchid seed conservation. Six successive stages were identified as important for effective, efficient, and comprehensive approach to orchid seed conservation: stage 1 - protocols to follow and procedures to adhere to during seed and data collection of orchids in the field; stage 2 - preliminary experimental assessment of the seeds in the laboratory after seed collection such as seed sterilization, extraction, moisture content assessment and dehydration; stage 3, 4 and 5 - seed viability assessment, symbiotic and asymbiotic germination assessments, respectively; and stage 6 - seed banking of orchids. This comprehensive methodological guide with the seed conservation protocols, the importance of each stage, the challenges involved and some potential solutions to those challenges provides a clearly defined stepwise roadmap to follow and prepare for prior to embarking on orchid seed conservation. This guide on orchid seed conservation can fulfill a vital need for comprehensive knowledge supporting orchid seed conservation planning, seed collection and processing, preparation for storage, storage, and pre- and post-storage testing. If used cautiously, by considering the high species-specificity in orchids, site specific conditions, local people's needs and customs, local, regional and country specific policy and legal frameworks, this seed conservation guide can contribute to stemming biodiversity loss, reversing ecosystem degradation and supporting the current Global Biodiversity Framework, which was agreed upon in Montreal at the Conference of the Parties (COP15) in December 2022.