Macroevolutionary research aims to understand the origin and maintenance of biodiversity through time. Understanding how evolution has shaped current diversity is critical to predicting how species will respond to future threats. Myrtaceae is one of the most diverse plant families in the Neotropics, but the factors that explain its high number of species in this region are unknown. Previous studies have shown that the flower morphology in some clades of Neotropical Myrtaceae is highly homogeneous and perhaps not informative about their diversification dynamics; however, the role of fruits and seed traits in the diversification of this group has been explored yet. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the evolution of morphological characteristics of fruits and seeds can explain different diversification regimes in Neotropical Myrtaceae. Phylogenetic comparative methods using morphological and molecular data were employed for about 350 species to describe the diversity and evolution of fruit morphology in this group. Phylogenetic signal analyses showed that there is phylogenetic signal in all characters, i.e., more closely related species share similar characteristics. Preliminary results suggest that the earliest Neotropical Myrtaceae had fruits of intermediate size relative to the current extremes, and that the diversification of species with small fruits is recent in the evolution of this group. We also found that seed number is a highly conserved trait that diverged early in the diversification of this group, resulting into two groups of species presenting either a single seed or few to many seeds. The heterogeneity found in the morphology and color of Myrtaceae fruits has the potential to explain the diversification success of distinct clades and the data compiled here will serve as a basis for future studies aiming to better understand the ecological strategies of this diverse family.