Symposia

         Seeing the network for the trees: Methodological and empirical advances in reticulate evolution

Reticulate evolution across time scales in Asteraceae

Presenting Author
Jennifer Mandel
Description
As large-scale phylogenomic studies grow in number, it is becoming increasingly apparent that conflicting evolutionary histories and phylogenetic discordance are commonplace, if not pervasive, in these analyses. The underlying causes may be explained as the result of biological processes including gene flow, incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), paralogous sequence duplication and loss, or noise in data assembly and filtering. Hybridization and introgression may be particularly power forces in generating phylogenetic discordance and are interesting biological processes to study. These processes have long been recognized as a fundamental during the evolution of life, but our understanding of their significance, especially across different evolutionary scales has been difficult to decipher. Recently, methods that estimate phylogenetic networks while accounting for ILS and hybridization simultaneously have improved our ability to discover the amount and extent of these processes on plant evolution. In this talk, we describe case studies from Asteraceae, the sunflower family, at different evolutionary timescales where we find evidence for network-like evolution. We also investigate how these reticulations correspond to other biological processes including polyploidy or whole genome duplication events. Our study and a growing number of studies support the importance of gene flow, hybridization, and introgression in the speciation process and we look forward to advances in theoretical approaches in this realm that support ongoing empirical studies.